, Charles A. AdamsJr.1 and William G. Cioffi1   (1) Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA     William G. Cioffi Email: wcioffi@lifespan.org Background The elderly comprise…

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Fred A. Luchette and Jay A. Yelon (eds.)Geriatric Trauma and Critical Carehttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48687-1_11 11. Health-Care Economics and the Impact of Aging on Rising Health-Care Costs Preston B. Rich1   and Noran Barry1 (1) Department of…

Fig. 10.1 The aging continuum and development of frailty [5] Diagnosing and Measuring Frailty Frailty may be measured in many ways. Not every measure of frailty is appropriate for every…

Innate Macrophage  Reduced phagocytic activity  Reduced generation of nitric oxide  Reduced generation of superoxide Neutrophil  Reduced phagocytic activity  Reduced generation of superoxide Dendritic cells  Reduced pinocytosis and endocytosis activity  Reduced…

Fig. 8.1 Carolinas Medical Center warfarin reversal protocol Newer direct oral anticoagulant agents including dabigatran (direct thrombin inhibitor), rivaroxaban (factor Xa inhibitor), apixaban (factor Xa inhibitor), and edoxaban (factor Xa…

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Fred A. Luchette and Jay A. Yelon (eds.)Geriatric Trauma and Critical Carehttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48687-1_6 6. Skin, Soft Tissue, and Wound Healing in the Elderly David G. Greenhalgh1   (1) Department of Surgery, University of California,…

Organ Grade Description Stomach Grade I Hematoma <3 cm Partial-thickness laceration Grade II Hematoma ≥3 cm Full-thickness laceration <3 cm Grade III Full-thickness laceration ≥3 cm Grade IV Full-thickness laceration…