Fig. 9.1 The assistant grasps the fundus cephalad and retracts this toward the patient’s right shoulder. This reduces redundancy in the infundibulum and exposes the cystic duct. A second grasper retracts…

Fig. 20.1 Leak demonstrated on UGI 2 weeks after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy Of note, many practices obtain routine UGI as part of postoperative algorithm for management, whether the patient is or is not…

Fig. 21.1 Full-thickness ischemia of stoma While edema and venous engorgement in the immediate postoperative period is common, this was a case of stoma necrosis, which is one of the more…

Abscess type Causative organism Patient population Treatment Pyogenic Polymicrobial (biliary and enteric organisms most likely); Klebsiella spp. increasing in incidence Recent biliary intervention; Multiple medical comorbid conditions; Immunocompromised Broad-spectrum antibiotics;…

  Small intestine Large intestine Proximal Distal Competent ileocecal valve Non-competent ileocecal valve Anorexia Present Variable Variable Variable Vomiting Present: bilious, large quantity, non-malodorous Usually present: feculent/particulate, small volume, foul…

Fig. 7.1 A management algorithm for parapneumonic effusion. Reproduced with permission from Moore et al. [63, Fig. 1], with permission courtesy of Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc After tube placement, vigilant follow-up of…

Organ system Pathophysiologic effects Clinical manifestations Threshold IAP (mmHg) Cardiovascular Decreased preload/venous return Increased afterload Compression of inferior vena cava Decreased cardiac output Increased susceptibility to hypovolemia 10 Pulmonary Increased…

  Pathophysiology Perioperative risk factors Antibiotics Appropriate perioperative antibiosis minimizes microbial burden, which limits inflammatory response and infection risk Blood supply Adequate blood flow is required for delivery of nutrients and…