Anesthesia for End-Stage Respiratory Disease
Severe Very severe impairment = end-stage respiratory disease Inscription to a list of lung transplantation FEV1 test 30 < FEV1 <49% FEV1 <30% FEV1 <20% 6-MWT <200 m Stable…
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The Patient with End-Stage Liver Disease
Parameter 1 point 2 points 3 points Hepatic encephalopathy (grade) None 1–2 3–4 Ascites Absent Mild Moderate Prothrombin time (s prolonged) <4 4–5 >6 or International normalized ratio <1.7 1.7–2.3…
The Patient with End-Stage Renal Disease
Fig. 10.1 Prognosis of CKD by GFR and albuminuria category [1] 10.2 Preoperative Management 10.2.1 Evaluation of Comorbidities ESRD is caused by a variety of diseases with diabetes mellitus and…
Perioperative Management of the Patient with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
1st letter 2nd letter 3rd letter 4th letter Shock chamber Antitachycardia pacing chamber Tachycardia detection Antibradycardia acing pacing chamber O: none A: atrium V: ventricle D: dual (A + V) O: none…
Advances in Point-of-Care Thoracic Ultrasound
Key points • Pulmonary ultrasound allows for rapid diagnosis of pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and intrathoracic free fluid. • Pulmonary ultrasound is more sensitive and specific than chest radiograph for…
Approach to Adult Patients with Acute Dyspnea
Undifferentiated patients in respiratory distress require immediate attention in the emergency department. Using a thorough history and clinical examination, clinicians can determine the most likely causes of dyspnea. Understanding the…
Airway Management of Respiratory Failure
Patients in respiratory distress often require airway management, including endotracheal intubation. It takes a methodical approach to transition from an unstable patient in distress with an unsecured airway, to a…
Emergency Department Treatment of the Mechanically Ventilated Patient
Mechanical ventilation has a long and storied history, but until recently the process required little from the emergency physician. In the modern emergency department, critically ill patients spend a longer…
Noninvasive Ventilation for the Emergency Physician
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) improves oxygenation and ventilation, prevents endotracheal intubation, and decreases the mortality rate in select patients with acute respiratory failure. Although NIV is used commonly for acute exacerbations…
Respiratory Emergencies in Geriatric Patients
Acute dyspnea in older patients is a common presentation to the emergency department. Acute dyspnea in older adults is often the consequence of multiple overlapping disorders, such as pneumonia precipitating…
