Category Specific causes Trauma Penetrating Blunt Infection Cytomegalovirus Salmonella Tuberculosis Ascaris lumbricoides Entameba histolytica Obstruction Adhesions Hernia Neoplasm Closed-loop obstruction Medication related NSAIDs Potassium chloride Steroids Chemotherapy Immune modulators (bevacizumab)…

Fig. 25.1 Active bleeding from the base of an ulcer. © Dale Dangleben, MD Fig. 25.2 Blood clot overlying an ulcer. © Dale Dangleben, MD For bleeding duodenal ulcers, longitudinal duodenotomy should…

Fig. 9.1 Small bowel AVM seen on mesenteric angiography. © Dale Dangleben, MD Fig. 9.2 a, b Endoscopic view of AV malformation. © Dale Dangleben, MD Fig. 9.3 a, b Colon adenocarcinoma. ©…

Fig. 14.1 CT scan showing extensive gas gangrene of the left flank and entire chest wall. © Dale Dangleben, MD Fig. 14.2 a, b Extensive debridement of necrotizing infection with loss of…

Fig. 6.1 CT scan with extravasation of oral contrast out the anterior abdominal wall consistent with an enteroatmospheric fistula. © Dale Dangleben, MD In cases where a fistula may be small…

Fig. 18.1 “Free Air” is seen here under the right diaphragm. © Dale Dangleben, MD When plain radiographs are non-diagnostic and the patient is stable and able to undergo additional imaging…

Fig. 11.1 CT scan showing a left groin hernia. © Dale Dangleben, MD Complications Delayed diagnosis and treatment of a painful, tender, inflamed hernia can lead to bowel ischemia and perforation…

Fig. 20.1 Small bowel seen here with large jejunal diverticulum which tends to perforate into the mesentery. © Dale Dangleben, MD A Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common true congenital malformation…