Fig. 2.1 Mechanisms contributing to peripheral sensitization At the cord level, many interactions can lead to sensitization, both in terms of functional and structural changes [21]. Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC)…
Fig. 24.1 Descending ladder of physician action in end-of-life care Before addressing the different categories of physician action using medical ethics or personal conscience, it is first advisable to understand…
Inadequate clinical and continuing education on the assessment and management of pain Insufficient understanding of the adverse clinical and psychological impact of undertreated pain on patients and their families, and…
Fig. 7.1 The pain matrix (Reprinted with permission from Bushnell and Apkarian [7]). ACC anterior cingulate cortex, Amyg amygdala, BG basal ganglia, HT hypothalamus, PAG periaqueductal gray matter, PB parabrachial…
© American Academy of Pain Medicine 2015Timothy R. Deer, Michael S. Leong and Albert L. Ray (eds.)Treatment of Chronic Pain by Integrative Approaches10.1007/978-1-4939-1821-8_23 23. Assessing Disability in the Pain Patient Steven D. Feinberg1, 2, 3 and Christopher R. Brigham4, 5 …
Type/context pain Measurement scale Validated age group Procedural pain CRIES 32 weeks–2 months DAN Preterm–3 months PIPP 28 weeks–1 months NIPS Premature–6 weeks N-PASS Premature–3 months PAIN 26–47 weeks SUN…
Fig. 13.1 A formal model proposed by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) [4] integrates the individual components into a biopsychosocial-based model (Adapted from International Classification of…
© American Academy of Pain Medicine 2015Timothy R. Deer, Michael S. Leong and Albert L. Ray (eds.)Treatment of Chronic Pain by Integrative Approaches10.1007/978-1-4939-1821-8_21 21. Pain Care Beyond the Medical Practice Office: Utilizing Patient Advocacy, Education, and…
© American Academy of Pain Medicine 2015Timothy R. Deer, Michael S. Leong and Albert L. Ray (eds.)Treatment of Chronic Pain by Integrative Approaches10.1007/978-1-4939-1821-8_18 18. Patient and Caregiver’s Perspective Heidi J. Stokes1 (1) 3504 44th Ave South, Minneapolis, MN 55406,…
© American Academy of Pain Medicine 2015Timothy R. Deer, Michael S. Leong and Albert L. Ray (eds.)Treatment of Chronic Pain by Integrative Approaches10.1007/978-1-4939-1821-8_17 17. Empowerment: A Pain Caregiver’s Perspective Julia Hallisy1 (1) 595 Buckingham Way # 305,…
