© American Academy of Pain Medicine 2015Timothy R. Deer, Michael S. Leong and Vitaly Gordin (eds.)Treatment of Chronic Pain by Medical Approaches10.1007/978-1-4939-1818-8_5 5. Anticonvulsant Medications for Treatment of Neuropathic and “Functional” Pain Bruce D. Nicholson1 (1) Division of…
Ketamine Amantadine Memantine Phencyclidine Dextromethorphan Methadonea aCommonly clinically utilized for opioid agonist properties By and large, preclinical evidence regarding the role of NMDA receptors in persistent pain states is reproducible…
Fig. 3.1 Site of action of NSAIDs . Originally thought of as possessing solely peripheral inhibition of prostaglandin production, more recent research indicates that NSAIDs have peripheral and central mechanisms…
Fig. 12.1 Modified comparative composition of pain distribution in the cervical region provoked by injections of hypertonic saline in to the interspinous ligaments (a) Feinstein et al. [2]. Synovial joints:…
Fig. 10.1 Pain threshold changes in response to acupuncture at LI4 point located at the thenar eminence. Eight representative skin points were identified for the measurement of pain threshold by…
Symptom/side effect Associated with opioids Associated with pain Management/monitoring approach Depression X X Consider treating depression as first step and observe effect on pain Anxiety X X Consider treating anxiety…
Fig. 20.1 The pain medicine and primary care community rehabilitation model (PMPCCR) Informed community primary care physicians contribute their expertise in longitudinal, comprehensive management combined with their more intimate knowledge…
Fig. 3.1 KW test for strength and flexibility of key postural muscles; failure—inability to perform any of the tasks (Courtesy of the Norman Marcus Pain Institute) In the absence of…
Fig. 9.1 Pain processing While there is a common misperception that hypnosis primarily involves relinquishing control and constitutes mindless submission to suggestion, hypnosis is actually a normally occurring state of…
Physical neuromatrix, including peripheral and central nervous systems plus fascial network: • Emotional • Cognitive • Memory • Mind Physical Laser Beams We live with and through a dynamically fluctuating nervous system, one which…
