Influence of Female Hormones on Migraines Hélène Massiou E. Anne MacGregor IHS AND WHO CODE NUMBERS 8.3.1 [G44.418] Exogenous hormone-induced headache 8.4.3 [G44.83] Estrogen-withdrawal headache A1.1.1 Pure menstrual migraine without…
Blood and Spinal Fluid in Migraines Paola Sarchielli Flemming W. Bach No biological markers of migraine have been identified as yet and migraine diagnosis remains primarily clinical. Many neurotransmitter pathways…
Neurogenic Inflammatory Mechanisms Kirk W. Johnson Hayrunissa Bolay Migraine headache is an episodic disorder with heterogenous clinical features that could be promoted by complex intrinsic or extrinsic factors in susceptible…
Channelopathies and Their Possible Relation to Migraines Dennis E. Bulman Daniela Pietrobon Ion channels are part of a large family of macromolecules whose functions include the control and maintenance of…
CGRP Involvement in Migraines Lars Edvinsson Richard Hargreaves The functional studies crucial to any hypothesis regarding primary (migraine and cluster) headaches rests on the classic observations of Ray and Wolff…
Nitric Oxide Involvement in Migraines Helle U. Iversen Uwe Reuter Over the years, many provoking factors have been studied in the search for migraine mechanisms (76). Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and…
Genetics of Migraine Michel D. Ferrari Joost Haan Aarno Palotie Anyone can experience an occasional migraine attack without necessarily being a migraine patient. Not the attack itself, but the repeated…
5-Hydroxytryptamine Involvement in Migraines Edith Hamel Pramod R. Saxena Migraine is a complex disorder that has been best described as the manifestation of a hereditary or predisposed sensitivity of neurovascular…
Spreading Depression Martin Lauritzen Richard P. Kraig The characteristic development of sensory disturbances during migraine auras suggests that the underlying mechanism is a disturbance of the neocortex, probably spreading depression…
Migraine Comorbidity Kathleen Ries Merikangas Nancy C. D. Low Birthe Krogh Rasmussen Comorbidity, introduced by Feinstein, refers to the presence of any additional coexisting ailment in a patient with a…
