Central Nervous System Infections Benjamin H. Schnapp Corlin Jewell THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) can be rapidly fatal and require prompt intervention in order to…

Seizures and Status Epilepticus Elaine Rabin CLINICAL CHALLENGE Seizures are the clinical manifestations of abnormal, increased, synchronized electrical activity in the brain. An estimated 10% of the population experience at…

Acute Stroke Christopher A. Lewandowski Edward P. Sloan THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Stroke is characterized as a neurologic deficit attributed to an acute focal injury of the central nervous system (CNS)…

Headache Steven A. Godwin Daniel Eraso THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Headache is the fifth most common presenting symptom to the emergency department (ED), which recorded over 4 million visits in 2014,…

Cervical Spine Trauma and Spinal Cord Emergencies E. Megan Callan Charles M. Andrews THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE The vast majority of spinal cord injuries occur from trauma, although other causes must…

Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Lauren M. Post Angela Hua CLINICAL CHALLENGE In the emergency department (ED), low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal chief complaints and affects…

Head Trauma (Severe) Scott A. Goldberg Cappi Lay THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Management of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) focuses not on reversing the initial insult but on minimizing sequelae and…

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Christopher Reverte George Kramer Andy S. Jagoda THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) including concussion is the most common type of brain…

Dizziness and Vertigo Matthew S. Siket Jonathan A. Edlow THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Dizziness poses a conundrum for patients and health care providers. First, it is a common and nonspecific symptom…