Abstract On the right side, the subclavian artery originates from the innominate (brachiocephalic) artery, which branches into the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries. On the left side, it…

Abstract The right common carotid artery originates from the innominate (brachiocephalic) artery. The external landmark is the right sternoclavicular joint. The left common carotid artery originates directly from the aortic…

Abstract The major muscles that are divided during resuscitative thoracotomy include the pectoralis major, the pectoralis minor, and the serratus anterior muscles. Pectoralis major muscle: It originates from the anterior…

Abstract Strict antiseptic precautions and personal protective equipment should be used during the procedure. A single dose of prophylactic antibiotics with Cefazolin should be administered before the procedure. There is…

Abstract The cartilaginous and bony structures of the larynx include the hyoid bone as well as the thyroid and cricoid cartilages. The trachea begins below the cricoid cartilage. The hyoid…

Abstract There are three meninges covering the brain: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. The dura mater is the thickest and strongest membrane, and is firmly…

Abstract External landmarks: The axillary vessels start at the middle of the clavicle, course deep under the deltopectoral groove, and end at the lateral border of the axilla. The axillary…

Abstract Intracranial pressure (ICP) can be measured by a monitor placed into one of the lateral ventricles; in the subarachnoid, subdural, or epidural spaces; or in the brain parenchyma. ICP…

Abstract For trauma purposes the neck is divided into three distinct anatomical zones. Zone 1: from the sternal notch to the cricoid cartilage. Zone 2: from the cricoid cartilage to…

Abstract A large operating room (OR) situated near the emergency department, elevators, and ICU should be designated as the Trauma OR to facilitate the logistics of patient flow and minimize…