Abstract Anatomy of the ribs. There are 12 ribs on each side. All 12 connect posteriorly with the vertebrae of the spine. Ribs 1–7 connect anteriorly directly to the sternum,…

Abstract The spleen lies under the ninth to eleventh ribs, under the diaphragm. It is lateral to the stomach and anterosuperior to the left kidney. The tail of the pancreas…

Abstract Trauma laparotomy set Fixed abdominal retractor, e.g., Bookwalter Adequate lighting including a headlamp Temporary abdominal closure devices should be available, if needed Chapter 25 Gastrointestinal Tract Morgan Schellenberg ,…

Abstract The trachea is 10–12 cm long and 2–2.5 cm wide, extending from C6 to T5. The trachea is composed of 16–20 incomplete rings with a flattened posterior wall of…

Abstract The following are the major muscles that will be encountered and may be divided during thoracic operations for trauma. Anterior Chest Wall: Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles Pectoralis…

Abstract The duodenum lies in front of the right kidney and renal vessels, the right psoas muscle, the inferior vena cava, and the aorta (Figure 26.1). The duodenum is approximately…

Abstract Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) is a compliant, endovascular balloon designed to occlude the thoracic or lower abdominal aorta in hemorrhagic shock, for temporary control of…

Abstract The vertebral artery (VA) is the first cephalad branch of the subclavian artery. From a trauma surgery perspective, the VA is divided into three parts. Part I runs from…

Abstract The cervical esophagus extends from the cricopharyngeus muscle into the chest to become the thoracic esophagus. The external landmark of the pharyngoesophageal junction is the cricoid cartilage. On esophagoscopy,…

Abstract The majority of traumatic hemothoraces can be managed successfully with a chest tube placement. Retained hemothorax is defined as residual pleural blood >300–500 mL after initial thoracostomy tube evacuation….