Fever Sarah A. Sterling and Alan E. Jones Fever is one of the oldest and most widely recognized signs of disease and accounts for numerous adult and pediatric visits to…

Pneumonia Gregory J. Moran and David A. Talan In the United States, more than 3 million persons contract community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) annually, resulting in about 500,000 hospital admissions. Pneumonia is…

Trauma Airway Management Timothy J. Fortuna and John H. Burton Expertise in airway management is an essential skill for the emergency physician (EP), and this is especially true of airway…

Common Ophthalmic Medications Kimberly Schertzer This chapter provides an overview of medications used to diagnose and treat common ocular conditions. DIAGNOSTIC MEDICATIONS Stains These topical solutions reveal areas of corneal…

Temporomandibular Pain and Dislocation Darria Long Gillespie The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) consists of the head of the mandibular condyle as well as the articular tubercle and mandibular fossa of the…

Hand Injuries David Q. Bell and Douglas Doehrman Hand injuries account for 5% to 20% of emergency department (ED) visits (1). The outcome depends on accurate assessment of the injury,…

Shoulder Injuries Scott C. Sherman The shoulder joint is composed of three bones (humerus, clavicle, and scapula) and three joints (sternoclavicular [SC], acromioclavicular [AC], and glenohumeral). Figure 38.1 demonstrates the…

Chronic Pain Syndromes Michael A. Turturro and Paul M. Paris Pain is typically defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional phenomenon associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Chronic pain…

Sore Throat Michael F. Murphy Sore throat is a common presenting complaint in emergency medicine, particularly the acute variety. Although most causes of sore throat are not life threatening, some…

Trauma in Pregnancy Bonnie Lau and Susan B. Promes Significant trauma affects approximately 7% of pregnant women (1). In fact, trauma was reported to be the leading cause of death…