EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Stiff Neck
Chapter 25 Stiff Neck Nicholas Tsarouhas, MD, Marla J. Friedman, DO 1 What is the pathophysiology of meningismus? Flexion of the neck stretches the inflamed nerve roots and meninges of…
Monitoring Respiratory Function
*If the patient has COPD or congenital heart disease, cyanosis may be ‘constant’. COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE BREATHLESS PATIENT Occasional breathlessness is a common human experience and may be a…
Monitoring Cardiovascular Function 2: Haemodynamic Monitoring
Cardiac Output Cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle in 1 minute. At rest this is approximately 5000 ml. It is determined by heart rate…
Monitoring Cardiovascular Function 1: ECG Monitoring
SETTING UP ECG MONITORING The following measures should be observed when setting up ECG monitoring (Jevon 2009): 1. Explain the procedure to the patient. 2. Prepare the skin: ensure that…
Monitoring During Transport
Fig. 18.2 Inside a paramedic ambulance. Noise and daylight may render monitors and their alarms unreadable and inaudible. Ambulances rely on battery sources for electrical power. Consequently hospital-based equipment that…
Record Keeping
IMPORTANCE OF GOOD RECORD KEEPING Record keeping is an integral part of nursing, midwifery and health visiting practice. It is a tool of professional practice and one that should help…
Monitoring Pain
Macintyre and Schug (2007) METHODS OF ASSESSING PAIN The inability of health-care professionals to adequately assess pain is one of the primary reasons for inadequate pain management (Prevost 2009). The…
Monitoring the Critically Ill Child
This formula is not suitable, however, for use in a child aged <1 year; although a term newborn infant averages 3.5 kg, by 6 months the birthweight has usually doubled…
Monitoring a Patient Receiving a Blood Transfusion
Fresh Frozen Plasma and Cryoprecipitate Standard fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is produced from both UK and non-UK donors; methylene blue FFP is available for children under the age of 16…
