Chapter 46 Ophthalmologic Emergencies Kathy Palmer, MD 1 What is an afferent pupillary defect? The pupillary light reflex is a reflex arc through the midbrain involving crossover innervation. It is…

Chapter 52 Child Abuse Stephen Ludwig, MD 1 What four elements should you consider in making a diagnosis of suspected child abuse? 1 Detailed history of injury 2 Physical findings…

Chapter 15 Headache Jane F. Knapp, MD, Robert D. Schremmer, MD 1 Do children get migraine headaches? Migraine is one of the most common causes of headache in children. The…

Chapter 11 Diarrhea Linda D. Arnold, MD 1 What is diarrhea? Diarrhea is defined as a decrease in the consistency, or an increase in the frequency, of stool. Marked variations…

Chapter 56 Head Trauma Sara A. Schutzman, MD GENERAL 1 How common and important is head trauma in children? Head trauma accounts for approximately 650,000 emergency department (ED) visits and…

Chapter 28 Vaginal Bleeding/Discharge Jane M. Lavelle, MD 1 What is the average age at menarche? Describe the normal menstrual cycle The average age at menarche is 12.7 years, with…

Chapter 7 Apnea Andrew D. DePiero, MD 1 What defines apnea? Apnea is a respiratory pause of greater than 15 seconds or any pause that is associated with cyanosis, pallor,…

Chapter 8 Chest Pain Steven M. Selbst, MD,FAAP, FACEP 1 How common is chest pain in children? Chest pain is a common pediatric complaint. It is not nearly as frequent…

Chapter 71 Risk Management and Administrative Issues Steven M. Selbst, MD, FAAP, FACEP 1 Which diagnoses involving pediatric patients in an emergency department (ED) are most likely to result in…

Chapter 30 Anaphylaxis Linda D. Arnold, MD 1 What is anaphylaxis? Anaphylaxis is an acute, systemic allergic reaction with varied mechanisms and clinical presentations. Signs and symptoms develop rapidly as…