History of Simulation in Education Simulation-based medical education (SBME) has been around since at least 17th century France, where birthing mannequins were used [1]. Despite the long-standing awareness of the…

What is Holding us Back: Barriers to Bedside Teaching Classically, bedside teaching occurred during inpatient ward rounds conducted by academic professors in university teaching hospitals. This environment was a stable…

Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USAThe Permanente Journal, Portland, OR, USA Mentor and Mentoring Defined A mentor is someone who takes a special interest in the…

Learning Theories There are three recognized classic learning theories: behaviorism, cognitive learning, and constructivism [1]. Each of these theories influences curriculum design, teaching, and evaluation. Most educators use elements from…

Introduction Academic emergency departments (EDs) are staffed by both emergency medicine (EM) and non-EM residents. Under the auspices of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) in USA, the…

Introduction Why do we choose to teach emergency medicine (EM)? This is a question frequently asked of EM faculty. There are a variety of reasons—some obvious and some subtle. Every…

Guidelines for Providing Effective Feedback Feedback can be readily adapted as an effective teaching tool into the unique educational environment of the ED. The seminal paper by Ende [1] delineates…