Vascular Retinopathies Avnish Deobhakta Daniel J. Egan THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Vascular retinopathies can represent a sentinel event for serious systemic illness. As such, once the diagnosis of a vascular retinopathy…

Leukocoria Kei U. Wong Matthew S. Pihlblad THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Leukocoria, or “white pupil,” is an abnormal clinical finding of a white pupillary reflex (Figure 40.1). It is often the…

Lens Dislocation Elizabeth Yetter Khurram Chaudhary THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE There are a number of challenges with ectopia lentis, more commonly known as lens dislocation. The symptoms of dislocation of a…

The Pediatric Red Eye: Ophthalmia Neonatorum, Conjunctivitis, and Uveitis Ashley A. Foster Tamiesha A. Frempong INTRODUCTION A red eye is one of the most common pediatric eye conditions evaluated in…

Anterior Uveitis, Hypopyon, and Hyphema Adria Simon Anjum F. Koreishi THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Anterior uveitis, hypopyon, and hyphema represent a spectrum of pathologies affecting the anterior segment of the eye….

The Red Eye: Keratitis, Conjunctivitis, Episcleritis, Scleritis, Pterygium/Pinguecula David Peak Neha Shaik THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE The etiology of the red eye includes the spectrum from nonemergent conditions to potentially sight-threatening…

Corneal Trauma: Abrasions, Lacerations, Foreign Bodies, Burns, and Contact Lenses Leejee H. Suh Daniel L. Overbeek INTRODUCTION The surface of the eye, comprised of the cornea and conjunctiva, is susceptible…

Ptosis Harsha S. Reddy Di Coneybeare THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Eyelid droop, called blepharoptosis, is often abbreviated to simply ptosis. Ptosis is defined as the inferior displacement of upper eyelid margin…

Eyelid Lesions Lora R. Dagi Glass Juliana Wilson THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Eyelid lesions commonly present in the emergency department (ED) or urgent care settings. There are an estimated two million…

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Alexandra Ortego Paul Petrakos THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, occurs when the human herpesvirus type 3, the virus responsible for varicella infection, is…