22.2 Drowning Simon Wood Essentials 1 Drowning is defined as the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from immersion in liquid, regardless of the outcome. 2 Drowning is a leading cause…

16.7 Henoch–Schönlein purpura Karen McCarthy Essentials 1 There is no diagnostic laboratory test for the diagnosis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura. 2 The diagnosis is clinical and consists of the tetrad: palpable…

16.4 Urinary tract infection in pre-school children Frank Willis Essentials 1 Urinary tract infection is common and potentially serious. 2 Septicaemia may occur in babies. 3 Renal scarring is a…

7.8 Diarrhoea and vomiting Christopher Webber Essentials 1 ‘ABC fluids in and out’ is a useful tool in taking a history. 2 Not all diarrhoea and vomiting is gastroenteritis. 3…

11.1 The use of blood products in children Joseph Ting Essentials 1 Blood components are appropriately used when clinical benefits of administration outweigh potential hazards, provided the indication is appropriate….

5.4 Cardiovascular assessment and murmurs Matthew O’Meara Essentials 1 Cardiac problems are uncommon in children, but should be considered in an infant or child with respiratory distress, cyanosis, collapse or…

14.1 The ear Stuart Lewena, Gervase Chaney Essentials 1 Otitis externa usually results from excessive exposure to heat and moisture and is usually very painful. Treatment involves cleaning, keeping dry…

19.1 Managing the death of a child in the ED Bereavement issues Paul Tait, Roger Barkin, Pat Clements Essentials 1 The death of a child under any circumstances is likely…

24.4 Risk management in acute paediatric orthopaedics Robyn Brady Essentials 1 Inadequate identification and management of unstable or displaced injuries such as lateral condylar elbow fractures, Monteggia fracture dislocations, and…

11.7 Febrile neutropenia Joseph Ting Essentials 1 Aggressive and early resuscitation of the child with overt or incipient septic shock is vital to avert hypoperfusion, even in the presence of…