Supraventricular Arrhythmias in Emergency
Fig. 4.1 ECG in normal sinus rhythm; with usual setting (paper speed 25 mm/s) 1 mm equals with 40 ms interval Each QRS complex is preceded by a P wave…
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Pacemaker Malfunction: Myth or Reality?
Fig. 11.1 Top panel (a). DDD pacemaker. Atrial rhythm is paced at 60 bpm. Spontaneous QRS with right bundle branch morphology occurs after 180 ms that inhibits ventricular pacing. This…
Emergency Surgery and Cardiac Devices
I II III IV V Chamber (s) paced Chamber (s) sensed Response to sensing Rate modulation Multisite pacing O → none A → atrium V → ventricle D → dual (A + V) O → none A → atrium V → ventricle D → dual (A + V) O → none T → triggered…
Management of Bradyarrhythmias in Emergency
Fig. 3.1 Sinus arrest 3.4 Atrioventricular Block Atrioventricular block occurs when the conduction of the atrial impulse to the ventricles slows down or is blocked (paroxysmal or permanently), even though…
Cardiac Arrhythmias in Drug Abuse and Intoxication
Fig. 10.1 Amateur football player, 17 years old, suspected cocaine intoxication and “chaotic atrial arrhythmia,” i.e., sinus rhythm and polymorphic supraventricular ectopic beats Cocaine can also induce ECG modifications such…
Acute Management of Arrhythmias in Patients with Channelopathies
Fig. 8.1 A possible algorithm/pathway for diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias in patients with channelopathies Table 8.1 Conditions that can cause PVT/VF and potential therapies Clues Test to consider Diagnoses…
Acute Management of Patients with Arrhythmias and Non-cardiac Diseases: Metabolite Disorders and Ion Disturbances
Ione Disorders Aetiology Signs EKG changes Treatment K+ Hyperkalaemia mild (5–6 mEq/L) Drugs End-stage renal disease Rhabdomyolysis Metabolic acidosis Pseudohyperkalaemia Hemolysis Tumour lysis syndrome Diet Hypoaldosteronism (Addison disease, hyporeninemia) Type…
Syncope: First Evaluation and Management in the Emergency Department
Fig. 2.1 Context of transient loss of consciousness. SCD sudden cardiac death, TLOC transient loss of consciousness Table 2.1 Conditions incorrectly diagnosed as syncope Disorders with partial or complete LOC…
Acute Management of Arrhythmias in Patients with Known Congenital Heart Disease
Simple Moderate complexity Great/severe complexity Native disease: Isolated congenital aortic valve disease Isolated congenital mitral valve disease (except parachute valve, cleft leaflet) Small atrial septal defect Isolated small ventricular septal…
Management of Arrhythmic Patients in the Emergency Department: General Principles
Look for: shock signs Chest pain Respiratory distress Do: Monitor the patient, IV line, blood samples Ensure patent airway and ventilation and give oxygen (if needed) Support perfusion pressure (use…
