Fractures and Fracture Classification Print Section Listen Clinical Summary Fractures are caused by high-energy forces on bones and may result from blunt or penetrating trauma. Fracture size and shape is…

Head Trauma Print Section Listen Clinical Summary Pediatric head trauma occurs commonly with most being minor; however, seemingly low-risk presentations may have intracranial injuries, and thus it is important to…

Urticaria Print Section Listen Clinical Features Urticaria, or hives, are pruritic raised erythematous superficial skin wheals that arise in response to histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and other substances released by stimulated…

The Poisoned Patient: General Approach and Gastrointestinal Decontamination Print Section Listen Clinical Summary The incidence of pediatric poisoning follows a biphasic curve, with 85% to 90% in children age 1…

Thermal Burns Print Section Listen Clinical Summary Extent of injury depends on the amount of heat, the delivery medium (gas, liquid, solid, or vapor), and the duration of contact. Scald…

Proteinuria Print Section Listen Clinical Summary Healthy children normally have protein in their urine, at a rate of protein excretion <4 mg/m2/h or <100 mg/m2/d throughout childhood. The upper limit…

Sickle Cell Anemia with Fever Print Section Listen Clinical Summary Fever in a child with sickle cell disease (SCD) is a medical emergency, because of the possibility of overwhelming Streptococcus…

Trauma Print Section Listen Clinical Summary The focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) examination is a safe, portable, noninvasive diagnostic tool to investigate for hemoperitoneum, hemopericardium, and hemothorax in…

Bacterial Meningitis Print Section Listen Clinical Summary Meningitis is inflammation of the membranes (dura, pia mater, and arachnoid) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Bacterial meningitis most commonly results from…