Cholinergic Poisoning Cynthia K. Aaron Cholinergic (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) agents are used in medicine, as insecticides, and as “nerve agent” chemical weapons. Most poisonings are accidental dermal contamination during agricultural use…
Cardiac Glycoside Poisoning Mark A. Kirk Bryan S. Judge Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are naturally occurring substances whose medicinal benefits have been recognized for centuries [1]. Digoxin is the major CG…
Calcium Channel Antagonist Poisoning Christopher R. Dewitt Introduction Calcium channel antagonists (CCA) effectively treat a variety of medical conditions. Yet, accidental and intentional overdoses of theses agents can be life…
Beta-Blocker Poisoning Shan Yin Javier C. Waksman Since 1958, when dichloroisoprenaline, the first β-adrenergic blocker, was synthesized, more than a dozen beta-blockers have been introduced into the international pharmaceutical market….
Antipsychotic Poisoning Michael J. Burns Christopher H. Linden Antipsychotic agents, sometimes termed neuroleptics and major tranquilizers, are primarily used to treat schizophrenia, the manic phase of bipolar disorder, and agitated…
Antidepressant Poisoning Cynthia K. Aaron Abhishek Katiyar Cyclic antidepressants constitute a major component of reported drug overdoses requiring treatment in an intensive care setting [1]. These medications are freely available…
Anticonvulsant Poisoning Steven B. Bird Anticonvulsants can be divided into four groups based on their primary mechanism of action: those that primarily act on neuronal membranes (membrane-active agents), those that…
Anticholinergic Poisoning† Keith K. Burkhart The classic anticholinergic syndrome manifests an easily recognizable toxidrome, but patients may present with some but not all of the classic symptoms. Decreased secretions, tachycardia,…
Antiarrhythmic Agents Michael Ganetsky The therapeutic use, misuse, and intentional overdose of antiarrhythmic drugs are associated with severe morbidity and mortality [1]. The recognition, management, and prevention of antiarrhythmic toxicity…
Alcohols and Glycol Poisoning Jennifer L. Englund Marco L.A. Sivilotti Marsha D. Ford The accidental or deliberate consumption of alcohols and glycols is a major cause of health problems [1,2]….
