Hypertensive encephalopathy Acute ischemic stroke Acute intracerebral hemorrhage Aortic dissection Unstable angina/acute myocardial infarction Acute pulmonary edema Preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome/eclampsia Acute renal failure Diagnosis and evaluation History Ask for symptoms related…
Adult patients Peptic ulcer disease Erosive gastritis, esophagitis, or duodenitis Varices (esophageal and gastric) Portal hypertensive gastropathy Mallory Weiss tears Malignancy Aortoenteric fistula Pediatric patients Esophagitis Gastritis Peptic ulcer disease…
Cardiovascular disease Arrhythmia Electrolyte abnormality Pulmonary embolus Hypoxic arrest Tension pneumothorax Trauma Cardiac tamponade Hemorrhage/hypovolemia Medication or drug overdose Acidosis Hypothermia Diagnosis and evaluation An immediate assessment of a patient…
Fracture type Description 0 Minimal soft tissue damage; indirect violence; simple fracture patterns (e.g., torsion fracture of the tibia in skiers) I Superficial abrasion or contusion caused by pressure from…
20 mmHg associated with new organ dysfunction or failure. ACS can be primary (resulting from an intra-abdominal process), or secondary (due to bowel edema from aggressive fluid resuscitation or sepsis)…
Figure 40.1. Location and differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. Diagnosis and evaluation History and physical characteristics A thorough history will generally narrow the differential diagnosis. Past medical and surgical…
Valvular lesion Common ECG findings Common CXR findings Aortic stenosis Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) Enlarged cardiac silhouette, aortic calcifications, potential pulmonary edema Aortic regurgitation (chronic) LVH, left heart strain May…
Stanford classification Type A Dissection involving the ascending aorta, as defined as proximal to the brachiocephalic artery, with or without involvement of the descending aorta Type B Dissection of the…
Judicious use of rapid sequence intubation (RSI) versus awake technique Back-up planning Prioritization of oxygenation Early recognition of failure Early use of surgical technique if necessary Avoidance of ED intubation…
Primary etiologies Secondary etiologies Coronary artery spasm Increased myocardial oxygen demand Disruption or erosion of atherosclerotic plaques Reduced myocardial blood flow Platelet aggregation or thrombus formation at the site of…
