Introduction What Are Postoperative Pulmonary Complications (PPC)? PPC have been defined in a variety of ways, reflecting the lack of consensus. At its broadest, PPC may refer to almost any…
Anesthesia for Carotid Surgery In the United States, each year approximately 795,000 people experience a new or recurrent stroke. Approximately 610,000 of these were first attacks and 185,000 were recurrent…
Introduction A rapid decline in glomerular filtration evidenced by the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) reflects acute kidney injury (AKI), a common major medical problem…
Introduction Safely guiding the patient with renal failure through the perioperative period presents a challenging set of problems such as the substantial comorbidity associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the…
* Previous edition author. Oliguria is a one of the commonest clinical problems encountered by critically ill patients. The prevalence of the problem has been difficult to establish because of…
Perioperative Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction Definition Perioperative myocardial ischemia is difficult to define, as it represents a continuum with clinically irrelevant events at one end of the spectrum and myocardial…
Introduction Cardiac dysrhythmias are quite common in the general population. In fact, approximately 33 million people worldwide experience atrial fibrillation, and the leading cause of sudden cardiac death is ventricular…
Hematologic risk assessment (HRA) involves evaluating and managing needs for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion as well as the integrity of a patient’s coagulation ability, including intrinsic bleeding disorders or…
Preoperative Assessment Valvular heart disease (VHD) is frequently observed in patients undergoing surgery. As the medical and minimally invasive management of coronary artery disease increases, the number of patients with…
Introduction Perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of death in the early postoperative period. Perioperative ischemia can be caused by either acute coronary thrombosis or by a…
