71. Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Definition Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease characterized by filling of the distal alveoli with endogenous proteinaceous or floccular material derived from surfactant…
66. Osteomalacia Definition Osteomalacia is a bone disease producing increasingly soft, brittle, flexible, and deformed bones because of a loss or shortage of calcium salts, or inadequate or delayed mineralization…
41. Guillain-Barré Syndrome Definition Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute, ascending motor neuron paralysis that progresses very rapidly. This disease is also called acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), acute idiopathic polyneuritis,…
63. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Definition Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a potentially fatal, iatrogenic syndrome characterized by hyperpyrexia, catatonic rigidity, mentation alteration, and profuse sweating. Rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, seizures, and…
60. Narcolepsy Definition A neurologic disorder, narcolepsy is a derangement of the normal sleep-wake cycle characterized by episodes of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, hypnagogic and/or hypnopompic hallucinations, and sleep…
59. Myasthenia Gravis Definition Myasthenia gravis is an acquired autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular function marked by fatigue and exhaustion of the muscular system. Fluctuations in severity of muscular atrophy accompany…
38. Gardner Syndrome Definition Gardner syndrome is a type of familial adenomatous polyposis that also has extracolonic manifestations, including intestinal polyposis, desmoids, osteomas, and epidermoid cysts. The disorder is inherited…
58. Mastocytosis Definition Mastocytosis is a clonal disorder in which mast cells and the precursor cells accumulate in different tissues, such as bone marrow, skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and spleen….
54. Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis Definition Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is a rare angiodestructive, lymphoproliferative disease with significant pulmonary involvement in the form of pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis. LYG mimics Wegner’s granulomatosis (see…
53. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Definition Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) affects women during the childbearing years. It is characterized by proliferation of smooth muscle phenotypic neoplastic cells in the lungs, kidneys, and axial lymphatics. The…
