Echocardiography
F. Goals of the Two-Dimensional Examination. A comprehensive evaluation is preferred with each cardiac chamber and valve imaged in at least two orthogonal planes. However, in an emergency situation, such…
ANESTHESIA
Anesthesia for Ophthalmologic Surgery
II. OCULAR PHYSIOLOGY A. Formation and Drainage of Aqueous Humor 1. Aqueous humor is formed in the posterior chamber by the ciliary body in an active secretory process involving carbonic…
Inflammation, Wound Healing, and Infection
5. Wearing rings does not increase overall bacterial levels measured on the hands of health care workers. Therefore, it remains unclear whether transmission of infection could be reduced by prohibiting…
Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology
TABLE 10-1 AREAS AT RISK FOR MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA BASED ON CORONARY ARTERY DISTRIBUTION Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Medial left ventricular anterior wall Anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum Left…
Ambulatory Anesthesia
5. Hospital admission by itself is not necessarily bad if it results in a better quality of care or uncovers the need for more extensive surgery. E. Obese patients are…
Anesthesia for the Older Patient
Vcen = central volume of distribution or initial volume of distribution; a smaller Vcen increases initial plasma levels and enhances transfer of drug in the target organ (brain, muscle). TABLE…
Critical Care Medicine
1. Diuretics should be administered with caution in early ARF and in response to defined physiologic problems (hypervolemia, hyperkalemia). 2. Prophylactic administration of N-acetyl cysteine and sodium bicarbonate to patients…
Genomic Basis of Perioperative Medicine
1. Accumulating evidence from candidate gene association studies also suggests that specific genotypes are associated with a variety of organ-specific perioperative adverse outcomes (myocardial infarction [MI], neurocognitive dysfunction, renal compromise,…
Postanesthesia Recovery
BP = blood pressure; PO = per os. TABLE 54-3 ELEMENTS OF THE POSTANESTHESIA EVALUATION Respiratory function: rate, airway patency, oxygenation Cardiovascular function: pulse rate, blood pressure Mental status Temperature…
The Allergic Response
2. Opsonization is deposition of antibody or complement fragments on surfaces of foreign cells with subsequent facilitation of the process that allows the effector cells to destroy the foreign cell….
