ANESTHESIA
Postanesthetic Recovery
1. Children should not be transported to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) until they have a patent airway, adequate gas exchange, stable HR and BP, and SpO2 at or close to…
General Preoperative Evaluation and Consultative Pediatric Anesthesia
1. In pediatric anesthesia, the evaluation of the patient’s psychological state is of particular importance. 2. There are no routine laboratory evaluations for pediatric patients. Rather, the specific procedure will dictate what…
Ethical and Legal Considerations in Pediatric Anesthesia
1. Informed consent is the process by which adult patients’ autonomy and agency are honored in medicine decision making. 2. In pediatrics, parents are the surrogate decision makers for the children, and…
Ultrasound and Echocardiographic Techniques in Obstetric Anesthesia
I. Introduction II. Focused cardiac ultrasound A. Introduction B. Techniques C. Clinical applications D. FoCUS training, certification, and program maintenance III. Pulmonary ultrasound A. Introduction B. Technique C. Applications IV….
Obstetric Anesthesia for Parturients with Respiratory Diseases
II.Asthma A. Introduction 1. Asthma presentation and symptoms. Asthma causes episodic partially reversible airway obstruction resulting from bronchoconstriction, inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and mucous plugging. Symptoms include wheezing, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, and…
Cardiac Disease in the Obstetric Patient
3. Left heart obstruction (mitral valve area <2 cm2, aortic valve area <1.5 cm2, or peak left ventricular outflow tract gradient >30 mm Hg by echocardiography) 4. Reduced left ventricular function (ejection…
Neurologic Deficits Following Labor and Delivery
2. Despite the very low incidence of neurologic injury, it represents a significant contributor to malpractice litigation. Davies et al.11 performed an obstetric anesthesia closed claims analysis of 426 claims from…
Newborn Resuscitation
2. Fetal lung development takes place throughout pregnancy, and lung maturation continues well into the neonatal period. The pulmonary transition that occurs in the fetus is initiated before labor begins. Cortisol…
Thrombophilias/Coagulopathies
Vascular spasm, mediated by vasoconstrictor substances released from platelets, reduces blood flow and occurs in the first stages of hemostasis. Damaged endothelium attracts platelets, which adhere to it, forming a…
