Pediatric Resuscitation
1. Although many cases of cardiac arrest in pediatric anesthesia are due to the child’s underlying condition(s), anesthetic-related events do account for a significant portion of arrests. 2. Among the anesthesia related…
ANESTHESIA
Management of General Anesthesia
1. Both the parent’s and the anesthesiologist’s interactions with the child during the preoperative visit and induction have significant impact on the child’s postoperative behavior. Distraction, humor, and reinterpretation of medical…
Integumentary System
1. While the incidence of burns is decreasing in western countries, 20% of burns are seen in children <5 years of age and 29% in children <16 years of age. 2. The…
Solid Organ and Bone Marrow Transplantation
1. Kidney transplantation a. Preoperative evaluation must address common comorbidities seen in renal failure: hypovolemia or hypervolemia depending on dialysis timing, anemia, electrolyte abnormalities, platelet dysfunction, and delayed gastric emptying. b. Maintaining a…
Anesthesia for the Preterm Newborn
1. Classifying newborns by weight leads to overly optimistic conclusions regarding morbidity and mortality, because intrauterine growth-restricted newborns are developmentally more mature than their nonrestricted counterparts. 2. All major organ systems of…
Minimally Invasive Surgery
1. In the past three decades, minimally invasive surgery has emerged as a mainstream technique in infants and children, even largely supplanting many commonly performed open operations. 2. Potential advantages of a…
Training and Education in Pediatric Anesthesiology: A Developmental Approach
1. Over the past decade, the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestone project has recognized the distinction between competence and performance, resulting in an increased expectation of performance measurement…
Abnormalities of the Immune Response and Infection
1. While many patients with a diagnosis of asthma have relatively uneventful anesthetics, all children who carry that diagnosis should be carefully and thoroughly evaluated prior to induction and plans made…
Neuromuscular Disorders
1. The four components of the motor unit are the motor neuron, the axon of that motor neuron, the neuromuscular junction, and the muscle fibers innervated by the dendrites of the…
