Anesthesia Outside the Operating Room
1. Because pediatric anesthetics outside the operating room are performed with increasing frequency, it is important for any institution to have a system in place to meet the service needs and…
ANESTHESIA
Anesthesia and Childhood Obesity
1. The global pandemic of obesity is a serious public health concern that has affected both adults and children. 2. The etiology of childhood obesity is multifactorial and involves complex interactions between…
Metabolic Diseases and Inborn Errors of Metabolism
1. Hypoglycemia is a common concern. Preoperative fasting must be minimized, and intravenous dextrose must be supplemented in the perioperative period. 2. Lactated Ringer solution should not be used in patients with…
Hematopoietic System
1. During fetal life, hematopoiesis occurs in several distinct locations, with sequential timing of cellular elements produced during gestation. 2. The primary problem in anemia is impaired oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood…
Anesthetic Equipment and Facilities
1. Equipment-related adverse events are rare. Even if equipment is faulty, user error or unfamiliarity often plays a part. 2. Critically ill children with very noncompliant lungs require minimal circuit and ventilator…
The Midgut
1. The midgut lengthens so rapidly that it herniates into the umbilical cord, rotating approximately 90 degrees about a counterclockwise axis and returns to the abdominal cavity after rotating another 180…
Risk Management, Assessment and Quality Improvement
1. Anesthesiologists remain in key position to protect and further advance patient safety. 2. Patient safety organizations (PSOs) provide federally protected venue to accumulate patient safety information and make recommendations on a…
Endocrine Disease
1. Children with diabetes presenting for surgery should undergo careful preoperative assessment and perioperative planning with an effort to optimize the patient’s condition preoperatively and to minimize the disturbances in glucose…
The Eye: Pediatric Ophthalmological Surgery
1. Awareness and management of intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important part of the anesthetic care of children undergoing many ophthalmologic procedures. 2. In most ophthalmologic surgeries, the patient must be kept…
Delivery Room Issues and Resuscitation of the Newborn
1. The importance of clarifying roles of all physicians, RN’s and other health care personnel in the delivery room resuscitation of newborns cannot be overemphasized enough. 2. Ventilation of the lungs is…
