Key Points • The distal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve are located submucosally immediately posterior to the palatine tonsil, deep to the posterior tonsillar pillar. • Glossopharyngeal blocks can be…

Key Point • Block of the glossopharyngeal nerve is required for manipulations of the posterior third of the tongue and pharyngeal wall. Structures more distal in the airway to the…

KEY POINTS • The most common complication of the retrobulbar block is hematoma formation, which can be minimized by using a needle shorter than 31 mm or performing a peribulbar…

Perspective This block is often used for surgical procedures carried out on the foot, especially for those not requiring high lower-leg tourniquet pressure. Patient Selection. The ankle block is principally…

Perspective The nerves blocked in the popliteal fossa—the tibial and peroneal nerves—are extensions of the sciatic nerve. The principal use of this block is for foot and ankle surgery. The…

Key Points • A high-frequency transducer is preferred for this block. • This approach is the most effective and easiest one for saphenous nerve block. • It can be used…

Perspective This block is useful for surgical procedures carried out on the anterior thigh, both superficial and deep. It is most frequently combined with other lower extremity peripheral blocks to…

Key Points • The success of the block depends on the appropriate spread of local anesthetics in the appropriate fascial planes superficially and deeply to the adductor brevis muscle. •…

Key Points • This block can be used to provide postoperative analgesia following hip surgery, upper lateral thigh skin grafting, and neurolysis for refractory meralgia paresthetica. • Combined with other…

Inguinal perivascular block (three-in-one block) Perspective The inguinal perivascular block is based on the concept of injecting local anesthetic near the femoral nerve in an amount sufficient to track proximally…