Shunts Valve Area Coronary Artery Anatomy Figure A-1. Coronary arteries. PULMONARY Dead space = Lung units that are ventilated but not perfused Intrapulmonary shunt = Lung units that are perfused but…

NASCIS Protocol for Steroid Therapy •  High-dose methylprednisolone is no longer recommended as standard of care for blunt ASCI. Multiple studies have suggested that the risks of high-dose steroid therapy…

ACUTE PAIN MANAGEMENT Acute pain = pain that occurs as direct result of tissue damage, <3 mos in duration •  Can occur as a result of trauma, surgical insult, labor,…

•  O2 & Air: Pressure gauge reading reflects the volume of gas in the E-cylinder Boyle’s: O2 gauge = 300 psi → liters O2 left = 660 L × (300…

Cardiac Cycle: Definitions & Equations •  Systole = isovolumic ventricular contraction & ejection •  Diastole = isovolumic ventricular relaxation & filling •  Cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate…

•  Compressions and circulation • Check for a pulse • If a pulse is present, continue rescue breathing • Reassess pulse every 2 min • If a pulse is not…

ANESTHESIA TECHNIQUES: (GOALS) •  Monitored anesthesia care (MAC):  Anxiolysis, sedation, analgesia & monitoring by anesthesia personnel able to anticipate and react to changes in pt status & anesthetic state/requirements • …

Fentanyl (Sublimaze IV, Fentora Buccal, Actiq Lozenge, Duragesic Transdermal) Clearance: Liver by CYP-450 3A4; 10% unchanged in urine, metabolite norfentanyl detectable up to 48 hrs Comments: High lipid solubility causes…

•  Injury of SLN (external branch) → hoarseness •  Injury of RLN → unilateral paralysis → paralysis of ipsilateral vocal cord → hoarse voice; bilateral paralysis → stridor & respiratory…

CSF Leak Repair Often performed via endoscopic sinus approach for spontaneous leak with rhinorrhea •  Usually requires intrathecal injection of fluorescein (aids in localization under FESS) •  May place lumbar…