Craniofacial Surgery—Pediatric Considerations
FIGURE 18.1 Morphologic types of craniosynostosis. Diagrammatic views of different morphologic types of craniosynostosis are shown in the center of the figure. The premature closed suture is marked as a…
ANESTHESIA
Anesthetic Effects on Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
1 The decrease in metabolism seen with the volatile anesthetics is due to a reduction in organized neurotransmission, reaching a maximum reduction in CMRO2 of approximately 50% when an isoelectric…
Stroke and Brain Protection
23 Stroke and Brain Protection John Dunford I. Introduction II. Pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia A. Histopathologic events B. Biochemical events C. Necrotic cell death D. Apoptotic cell death E. Autophagy…
Anesthetic-induced Neurotoxicity
24 Anesthetic-induced Neurotoxicity Andreas W. Loepke and Mary Ellen McCann I. Introduction II. Effects of exposure to anesthetics, sedatives, and analgesics on the developing animal brain A. Deleterious effects of…
Epilepsy Surgery
19 Epilepsy Surgery Hubert A. Benzon, Craig D. McClain, and Heidi M. Koenig I. Background II. Physiologic considerations III. Imaging techniques IV. Surgical treatment V. Surgical resection of seizure foci…
Pediatric Neurovascular Lesions
20 Pediatric Neurovascular Lesions Hubert A. Benzon, Edward R. Smith, and Craig D. McClain I. Background II. Patient assessment III. Radiographic studies IV. Arteriovenous malformations A. AVMs result B. Anesthetic…
Anesthesia for Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors
FIGURE 13.1 Original from Stubblefield and O’Dell’s “Principles and Practice of Cancer Rehabilitation,” Demos Medical Publishing. C. Treatment of spinal cord tumors. The treatment for almost every spinal cord tumor…
Chiari Malformation
17 Chiari Malformation Penny P. Liu, Krystal Tomei, and J. Brad Bellotte I. Historical considerations II. Chiari malformation I A. Anatomy B. Signs and symptoms C. Diagnosis D. Treatment E….
Pediatric Congenital Lesions
16 Pediatric Congenital Lesions Michael Chen and Cynthia Tung I. Spinal dysraphisms II. Spina bifida aperta A. Background and anatomy B. Surgery C. Anesthetic considerations III. Spina bifida occulta A….
Neurosurgical Procedures and Chronic Pain
II. Peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) encompasses all nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord. The locations of these nerves, as well as their extensive number,…
