H Sickle cell disease Definition Sickle cell disease is one of the more commonly inherited hemoglobinopathies. Pathophysiology Sickle cell is a disorder transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait that causes…

F Leukemia Definition Leukemia is the uncontrolled production of leukocytes caused by cancerous mutation of lymphogenous cells or myelogenous cells. Lymphocytic leukemias begin in lymph nodes or other lymphogenous tissues…

ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PF4, platelet factor 4.

D Hemophilia Definition and incidence Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder. It is a hematologic disorder of unpredictable bleeding patterns. Patients are either deficient in factor IX (hemophilia A) or…

B Anemia Definition Anemia is a deficiency of erythrocytes caused by either too rapid a loss or too slow production of the cells. Therefore, numeric concentrations of hemoglobin are reduced,…

C Disseminated intravascular coagulation Definition Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a coagulation disorder characterized by ongoing activation of the coagulation cascade in response to a clinical or systemic event. Organ…

D Inflammatory bowel disease Definition In the United States, between 200,000 and 300,000 individuals have inflammatory bowel disease, and approximately 30,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. The two major…

E Pancreatitis Acute pancreatitis Pathophysiology The cause of pancreatitis is multifactorial. Common causes include alcohol abuse, direct or indirect trauma to the pancreas, ulcerative penetration from adjacent structures (e.g., the…

F Splenic disorders Definition A palpable spleen is the major physical sign produced by diseases affecting the spleen and suggests enlargement of the organ. The normal spleen is said to…

C Hiatal hernia and gastric reflux Definitions Hiatal hernia A hiatal hernia consists of a defect in the diaphragm that allows a portion of the stomach to migrate upward into…