Show moreShow less Introduction Patients with diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) may require diagnostic, therapeutic as well as a surgical intervention under anesthesia. The pharmacodynamic effects of anesthetic…
Show moreShow less Introduction Respiratory illnesses often complicate anesthetic management of patients in elective as well as emergency surgeries. Patients with respiratory diseases are at risk of desaturation, laryngospasm, and…
Show moreShow less Introduction Heart, the pump of the cardiovascular system, often poses challenges to anesthetists during perioperative care when part of its functional capability is lost. Cardiac diseases can…
Show moreShow less Introduction Daycare/ambulatory anesthesia, aiming at early discharge and resumption of daily activities, has prompted the anesthesiologists to mold the anesthetic techniques for the provision of the same….
Show moreShow less Introduction Central neuraxial blocks (CNBs) collectively encompass the subarachnoid/spinal, epidural, caudal epidural, and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. Before the advent of anesthesia, crude methods have been described in…
Show moreShow less Introduction Local anesthetics (LAs) form the subset of drugs that provide analgesia and anesthesia by reversible conduction blockade of autonomic, sensory, and motor nerve impulses. The earliest…
Show moreShow less Introduction Discovery and use of muscle relaxants in anesthesia practice dates back to 1942, when Griffith and Johnson used d-tubocurarine to provide muscle relaxation during surgery. Since…
Show moreShow less Introduction Intravenous (IV) anesthetic agents are the most common drugs used in day-to-day anesthesia practice. It encompasses agents like sedative-hypnotics, anxiolytics, opioids, and muscle relaxants. The combination…
Show moreShow less Introduction Any chemical agent with general anesthetic properties and the ability to be delivered via inhalation is labeled as an “inhalational anesthetic agent.” Characteristics of an ideal…
Show moreShow less Introduction General anesthesia is a drug-induced, reversible condition, including specific behavioral and physiological components, with concomitant stability of the autonomic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory system. It can…
