ANESTHESIA
Anesthesia for Genitourinary Surgery
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> ANESTHESIA FOR GENITOURINARY SURGERY Cystoscopy Preoperative considerations: Indications include hematuria, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), renal calculi, and urinary obstruction. Possible procedures include…
Pharmacological Principles
• Most anesthetic drugs are lipophilic, resulting in a Vd that exceeds total body water (∼ 40 L). For example the Vd of fentanyl is about 350 L in adults,…
Anesthesia for Patients with Neurologic and Psychiatric Diseases
Parkinson Disease • Parkinson disease (PD) is a common movement disorder that typically affects individuals age 50 to 70 years. Clinical signs and symptoms: This neurodegenerative disease is characterized by…
Renal Physiology and Anesthesia
Effects of Anesthesia and Surgery • General: Reversible decreases in RBF, GFR, urinary flow, and sodium excretion occur during both regional and general anesthesia. Such changes are less pronounced during…
Anesthesia for Neurosurgery
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> ANESTHESIA FOR NEUROSURGERY Intracranial Hypertension • Intracranial hypertension is defined as a sustained increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) above 15 mm Hg. Intracranial…
Anesthesia for Patients with Respiratory Disease
• Pathophysiology: The embolic occlusions will decrease total blood flow into the pulmonary circulation, worsening V/Q ratios and increasing pulmonary shunt and hypoxemia. Pulmonary infarction can occur if bronchial…
Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery
Establishing One-Lung Ventilation • A left-sided DLT can be used for most procedures, with the exception of left main bronchus distortion by intra- or extrabronchial mass, compression of left main…
Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> ANESTHESIA FOR PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Endocarditis Prophylaxis • The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) currently suggest (class…
Anesthesia for Cardiovascular Surgery
Persistent Bleeding After Cardiopulmonary Bypass • Reversing heparin effects: Protamine should be used to return ACT to baseline (usually 1 mg per 100 U of heparin is needed with additional…
