Abstract Embolic disease during pregnancy includes venous thromboembolism, amniotic fluid embolism, and venous air embolism. These entities vary in incidence, clinical course, and consequences. Embolic events account for almost one-sixth…
Abstract Autoimmunity has been described in more than 40 disorders, and may result in chronic illness and severe disability. The classification of autoimmune diseases has been controversial since it is…
Abstract The relationship between a physician and his or her patient is rooted in common moral principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. Respect for a patient’s autonomy underscores the…
Abstract In this chapter, the paradox in the approach to labor pain is examined and the basis for current therapy (anatomy), the basis for future therapy (neurophysiology), and the effects…
Abstract The cesarean delivery rate in the United States and around the world has steadily increased as a result of changing patterns in obstetric practice. Recent data indicate that more…
Abstract Cesarean delivery is the most common major surgical procedure performed in many developed countries, and the rate is increasing worldwide. Appropriate assessment of the patient undergoing cesarean delivery includes…
Abstract Many women choose tubal sterilization for permanent contraception. Of the approximately 700,000 cases performed annually in the United States, data from 1995-2006 found that half were performed postpartum and…
Abstract The outcome of labor reflects the interaction of three components: the powers, the passageway, and the passenger. Assuming that the fetus is tolerating labor satisfactorily, the most important obstetric…
Abstract Surgery may be necessary during any stage of pregnancy. Indications for pregnancy-related surgery include cervical incompetence, the presence of ovarian cysts, and conditions amenable to fetal surgery. Indications for…
Abstract Neuraxial analgesic techniques are the most flexible analgesic techniques available for obstetric patients. The anesthesia provider may use an epidural or spinal technique to provide effective analgesia during the…
