Abstract This chapter reviews the incidence, presentation and types of ventricular septal defects. The pathophysiology and hemodynamic effects of atrial ventricular defects are discussed. The surgical based interventions are reviewed…
Abstract In this chapter, coarctation of the aorta is reviewed from diagnosis to surgical management. The anesthetic and related surgical considerations are discussed using a patient with Turner syndrome as…
Abstract This chapter reviews the basics of cardiac catherization principles and the hemodynamic calculations obtained. The calculation of pulmonary to systemic flow as well as pulmonary vascular resistance if demonstrated….
Abstract In this chapter, the ductus arteriosus from development to maintenance in various disease states is discussed. The diagnostic process and hemodynamic consequences of a patent ductus arteriosus are reviewed….
Abstract This chapter, provides an overview of the transitional circulation from fetal to neonatal life. The authors describe the physiology of fetal circulation, fetal hemoglobin as well as the changes…
Abstract This chapter provides the reader with a succinct review surround the issues with uncontrolled pain and provides methods for non-pharmacologic treatment in children. The chapter discusses the sequalae of…
Abstract This chapter provides a review of acute postoperative pain in children. The authors discusses mechanisms, classification and evaluation of acute pain. Opioid and non-opioid based treatment strategies encompassing a…
Abstract This chapter, reviews the basics of chronic pediatric pain. The author provides an overview of the incidence and approach to pediatric pain in the perioperative setting. The risk factors…
Abstract This chapter provides a brief overview for the patient with thoracic insufficiency syndrome. The author discusses the pathophysiology of thoracic insufficiency syndrome and the Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib…
Abstract In this chapter, pectus excavatum is discussed with regard to diagnosis, surgical indications, evaluation of severity and surgical approaches. The author reviews the anesthesia implications for the minimally invasive…
