Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a serious and possibly fatal syndrome of skeletal muscle hypermetabolism and calcium dysregulation that occurs when genetically susceptible individuals are exposed to certain anesthetic “triggering” agents-…
In this chapter we review principles of pediatric difficult airway management, with a focus on those entities that cause anatomic or functional airway obstruction above the level of the glottis….
Nearly all regional anesthetic blocks in children are performed while they are anesthetized because conscious or sedated children will not cooperate sufficiently to ensure their safety. The main disadvantage of…
There are many features of the administration of general anesthesia that differ between children and adults. In this chapter, we discuss those differences, with an emphasis on anesthetic medications and…
General anesthesiologists that occasionally anesthetize children should be intimately familiar with the anatomy of the pediatric upper airway. In this chapter, the pertinent features of the pediatric airway and the…
This chapter reviews the importance of thermoregulation and temperature monitoring in anesthetized children. It addresses the significance of keeping children normothermic and will help the trainee understand why pediatric anesthesiologists…
Four monitors are used for virtually every pediatric anesthesia case: pulse oximetry, capnography, electrocardiogram (ECG), and blood pressure measurement. These monitors are components of the Basic Monitoring Standards of the…
A variety of intravenous fluid and blood products are administered to children in the perioperative period. Indications include preoperative deficit replacement, ongoing maintenance requirements, fluid loss replacement, and treatment of…
The “10 P” Checklist Cognitive aids, in the form of checklists, are techniques that ensure completeness with multistep processes and aid attention to detail. We devised the 10 P checklist…
With the advent of antenatal steroids, surfactant therapy, and the overall improvement in care of extremely premature infants, mortality from medical problems of prematurity has decreased. However, as survival rates…
