Abstract This chapter, provides an overview of the basics of pharmacology and physiology in the neonate. The authors focus on the physiological differences between children and adults using a background…
Abstract This chapter provides the reader with an easy to reference tabular guide on a host of parameters relevant to the anesthetic care of children. The reader will find useful…
Abstract The anaesthetist has the option to perform fluid therapy by adhering to strict protocols and rules-of-thumb. However, gaining a better understanding of how to guide this therapy adds interest…
Abstract The ability of the human body to maintain normothermia via physiological reactions or behavioural changes to vastly different climatic circumstances is an evolutionarily well preserved mechanism. It is a…
Abstract With the advances in computational technology, artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been growing exponentially and promise to become tools that are able to overcome some of the most difficult…
Abstract Even though practices do differ geographically, general anaesthesia often involves some mode of mechanical ventilation different from normal spontaneous ventilation. This chapter will focus on the differences between these…
Abstract Liver surgery can be remarkably safe: a zero mortality rate has been achieved with liver resections when patients are properly selected and with meticulous perioperative care [1]. In order…
Abstract In Europe, approximately 30% of surgeries are performed in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities and up to 42% of intraoperative complications are cardiac related [4]. Often, the anaesthesiologist needs to…
Abstract Normal kidney function is essential to maintain whole body homeostasis. An acute decline in kidney function, ‘acute kidney injury’ (AKI), is in and by itself a major cause of…
Abstract Respiratory depression is a common and unwanted side-effect of anaesthetics, sedatives and analgesics. It has been known since the end of the 18th century that anaesthesia has pronounced effects…
