Fig. 4.1 Anatomy of upper airway (hyoid, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, trachea, thyroid). (Reproduced from Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol (2011) 268:1357-1363-p. 1360) Sonoanatomy Sonographically, bones like mandible and hyoid bone appear…

Fig. 7.1 Anatomy of the lateral neck (TC thyroid cartilage, CB carotid bifurcation, CB–Go carotid bifurcation–gonion, CB–ITC carotid bifurcation–isthmus of thyroid cartilage, CCA common carotid artery, ECA external carotid artery,…

Fig. 10.1 Position of the probe for paracentesis Procedure Clean the procedure site with antiseptic (chlorhexidine, betadine, etc.), and sterilely drape the patient. Apply the sterile probe cover to the…

Fig. 13.1 Probe in the transverse plane approximately in the center of the patient’s back Fig. 13.2 Midline transverse probe placement: spinous view (SP spinous process, AS acoustic shadow behind…

Fig. 5.1 Probe positioning for cardiac views: (a) Subxiphoid (b) Parasternal long (c) Parasternal short (d) Apical Fig. 5.2 Ultrasound images for cardiac examination: subxiphoid (top left); parasternal long axis…

Fig. 14.1 Coronal view of pleural effusion with ultrasound transducer placed on the patient’s left lateral chest Indications Thoracentesis may be performed for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. Therapeutic thoracentesis is…

Fig. 12.1 Arterial and venous anatomy of the upper extremity Though less common, the great saphenous vein can also be located with ultrasound in the lower extremity and offers an…

Fig. 3.1 Cleaning of all visible soil and contaminant should be done before any disinfection The Spaulding Classification scheme categorizes medical equipment decontamination based on the risk of infection that…