The demand for non–operating room anesthesia (NORA) services is expanding rapidly and for diverse reasons. NORA procedures are often less invasive; many of these minimally or even noninvasive procedures are…
An increasing number of pulmonary disorders are amenable to flexible or rigid bronchoscopic diagnostic or therapeutic intervention. New techniques such as endobronchial ultrasound, electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy, and treatment of central…
One of the driving forces in the genesis of the field of interventional radiology was its minimally invasive nature. As catheters and stents replaced the physiologically taxing “open” procedure, patients…
Approximately 20,000 medical students take the Hippocratic Oath each year. They vow to spend the next 10 years learning the art and science of medicine, but little do they know…
The pediatric patient population presents unique challenges to its anesthesia providers. These challenges are multiplied when administering an anesthetic in a non-—operating room anesthesia (NORA) location. Evidence indicates that NORA…
When requests for anesthesia assistance outside the main operating room first occurred more than a decade ago, they were regarded as nuisance calls and often ignored. The requests were haphazard…
Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopies are among the most common non–operating room procedures requiring anesthesia. This chapter reviews considerations and challenges related to anesthesia for upper GI endoscopy procedures. These include esophagogastroduodenoscopy…
History of Anesthesia for Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures Sedation and analgesia are common components to most upper and lower endoscopic procedures. Although diagnostic upper and lower endoscopy can be performed without…
As imaging technology improves, it is increasingly possible to perform procedures with noninvasive or minimally invasive techniques that would have once required an operating room. Specialized suites such as cardiac…
Direct-current cardioversion is a common cardiological procedure, consisting of delivering an electric shock to the patient’s heart with the goal of restoring normal sinus rhythm. The common indication for the…
