Mechanisms of Spinal Neuromodulation
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (SCS) improves many forms of neuropathic pain; but, contrary to our early understanding, it can also affect some forms of…
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Including Neonatal Resuscitation
PREVENTION OF CARDIAC ARREST Special Hazards for Children Routine Precautions Treatment of Arrhythmias Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) and Fibrillation (VF) Non-shockable Rhythm (asystole & PEA (pulseless electrical activity))…
Drug Doses
PREOPERATIVE PERIOD Drugs for Premedication Anticholinergics Sedatives Drugs to Speed Gastric Emptying Topical Local Anesthetics INTRAOPERATIVE PERIOD Induction Agents Drugs for Intubation Maintenance Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade…
Anesthesia Implications of Syndromes and Unusual Disorders
This Appendix contains brief descriptions of many common syndromes and their associated anesthetic considerations for safe pediatric anesthesia practice. Also described are some quite rare syndromes that have important anesthesia…
Anesthesia in Remote Locations
Remote Anesthesia There is an increased demand for pediatric anesthesiologists to travel outside the operating room to provide general anesthesia or monitored sedation for a variety of medical investigations or…
Trauma, Including Acute Burns and Scalds
Children are commonly involved in accidents; trauma is the leading cause of death between 1 and 14 years of age. Even if the injury is relatively minor, some children require…
Orthopedic Surgery
A considerable proportion of children who undergo elective orthopedic surgery have multiple congenital anomalies and/or neuromuscular disease (see Appendix 1 ). Underlying diseases, particularly those associated with muscle weakness, require…
Urologic Investigation and Surgery
GENERAL PRINCIPLES The anesthesia risk depends on the state of the child’s renal function and any other disease process that may be present. 1. Most children who come for investigation…
General and Thoracoabdominal Surgery
General Principles 1. Many of the children requiring thoracoabdominal procedures are neonates and preterm infants and therefore demand special considerations. 2. In most cases, the pathophysiology of the surgical disease…
Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiologic Procedures
Heart surgery in children is performed almost exclusively for congenital heart disease (CHD). The incidence of CHD is approximately 6 per 1000 live births. The lesions listed in Table 14-1…
