Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Occipital neurostimulation (ONS) provides a minimally invasive, reversible, and effective treatment for a number of intractable headache disorders. The technique is thought to work by inhibiting…
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) directly stimulates peripheral nerves for the treatment of various indications of neuropathic pain. Although the stimulating electrode is usually implanted directly in…
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Most physicians want to spend their time treating patients, not dealing with payment issues, but the reality is that coding and billing are an integral part…
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Although peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of many neuropathic pain indications, it has been underused in the clinic….
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve (PNS) can be used to treat neuropathic pain, ideally that arises from a single nerve and often follows peripheral nerve…
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (SCS) can be used to relieve pain that arises from many sources. Conditions that are classified as pelvic pain affect…
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (SCS) is generally a safe and effective treatment for neuropathic pain and other conditions. However, it requires implantation of an…
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Visceral abdominal pain is among the many pain states that can be improved by electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (SCS). This chapter examines how SCS…
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: This chapter deals with the emerging indications for electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (SCS). Although primarily used to treat neuropathic pain conditions, SCS has been…
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (SCS) can provide pain relief and improve the underlying ischemic condition in certain indications, including angina and peripheral vascular disease…
