Anesthesia Key

Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint is one of the leading causes of chronic disability, and conservative approaches to treatment have been shown to have limited long-term efficacy. ,…

Introduction Chronic ankle pain is a common condition with consequences of limited mobility, gait instability, and decreased physical activity. Its prevalence increases with age and obesity. It can be the…

Introduction Shoulder pain is a common and potentially debilitating musculoskeletal condition that reportedly up to 30 percent of the general population may experience. , It is consistently reported as one…

Introduction Both globally and in the United States, low back pain (LBP) has been the number-one cause of years lived with disability from 1990 to 2016. As the global population…

Introduction The high prevalence of low back pain has made it a common cause of outpatient and inpatient healthcare visits. Lumbar facet joint pain is a common challenge presented to…

Introduction Chronic hip pain from osteoarthritis and other intraarticular pathologies is a common condition, and the prevalence increases with age and obesity. Patients with chronic hip joint pain may not…

Introduction Cervical facet joints, also known as zygapophyseal joints, are a common cause of neck, head, and/or shoulder pain due to degenerative changes, accounting for up to 25–55% of chronic…

Introduction Thoracic pain manifesting as mid-back or upper-back pain is the least common of all disability-related chronic spinal problems with a prevalence of 13% compared to 32% for neck pain…

Introduction Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a unique modality used to treat many different conditions in a variety of clinical scenarios. The principles of RFA were first described in 1891 by…