Questions 1. Describe the anatomic abnormalities in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. 2. What changes in preload, afterload, heart rate, and contractility optimize hemodynamic performance for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy? 3….
Questions 1. How do you evaluate cardiac risk in a patient scheduled for noncardiac surgery? 2. How is cardiac status evaluated before elective noncardiac surgery? 3. What is the cardiac…
Questions 1. Describe the symptoms of and long-term prognosis for aortic stenosis. 2. Identify the etiology of aortic stenosis. 3. What is the significance of aortic valve area and how…
Questions 1. Name possible etiologies for dilated cardiomyopathy. 2. Explain the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy. 3. Which monitors would you use for this patient in the perioperative period? 4. How…
Questions 1. What are the determinants of myocardial oxygen supply? 2. Explain the determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption (demand). 3. What are the pharmacologic alternatives for treating myocardial ischemia in…
Spinal cord injury (SCI) constitutes a major cause of morbidity in the trauma patient. The United States has the highest incidence of traumatic spinal cord injuries, with approximately 40 new…
Patients who are critically poisoned present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to critical care staff. Unfortunately, there is no universally accepted management algorithm to aid in the evaluation despite the…
At present, the U.S. population uses 23.2 million intensive care unit (ICU) days at an estimated cost of $81.7 billion each year. This equates to 13.4% of hospital costs and…
Critically ill patients require different types of organ support. These include invasive therapies such as orotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, inotropic/vasoactive support, invasive monitoring, or continuous renal replacement therapy. This care…
Delirium, a disturbance of consciousness and cognition, may occur in up to 80% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients and is frequently underdiagnosed. Delirium is associated with longer durations of…
