Chapter Outline OVERVIEW NEUROMUSCULAR PHYSIOLOGY Nerve Conduction Neuromuscular Junction Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs EXOGENOUS MODES OF NEUROSTIMULATION Effect of Stimulus Frequency PATTERNS OF STIMULATION Single Repetitive Stimulation: Single Twitch Train-of-Four Stimulation…
Chapter Outline OVERVIEW What Is a Standard? REGULATION OF MEDICAL DEVICES Global Harmonization Task Force Medical Device Regulation in the United States Definition of Terms Medical Device Regulation in the…
Chapter Outline OVERVIEW MRI PHYSICS AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS MRI ANESTHESIA EQUIPMENT AND PHYSIOLOGIC MONITORS Physiologic Monitors Invivo Medrad Intravenous Infusion Delivery Systems Anesthesia Machines Ohmeda MRI VIDEO GOGGLES Overview Familiarity…
Chapter Outline OVERVIEW GASES AROUND THE BODY REDUCED ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURE Acclimatization Other Effects High-Altitude Illness Gamow Bag Pregnancy and Altitude ANESTHETIC PROBLEMS AND ALTITUDE Pressure Considerations Machine Considerations Vapors and…
Chapter Outline OVERVIEW RESPIRATORY RATE Automated Determination of Respiratory Rate Thoracic Impedance and Inductance Electrocardiograph-Based Respiratory Monitoring Other Techniques AIRWAY PRESSURES Principles Overview Sensors Applications Breathing Circuit Low-Pressure Alarms Sensor…
Chapter Outline OVERVIEW NONINVASIVE PACING History Electrophysiology Technology Safety Recent Experience In the Operating Room DEFIBRILLATION History Technology Factors that Affect Success Programmed Defibrillators Newer Electrodes Overview Noninvasive temporary pacemakers…
Chapter Outline OVERVIEW ELEMENTS OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN ANESTHESIA Nature of Risk Associated with Anesthesia Equipment INCIDENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ADVERSE EQUIPMENT EVENTS Sources Incidence Characteristics of Adverse Events Mitigating…
Chapter Outline OVERVIEW THERMOREGULATION EFFECTS OF ANESTHESIA MECHANISMS OF INTRAOPERATIVE HEAT LOSS EFFECTS OF MILD HYPOTHERMIA HYPERTHERMIC STATES PERIOPERATIVE TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT TRANSDUCERS AND DEVICES FOR MEASURING TEMPERATURE Mercury Thermometers Thermistors…
Chapter Outline OVERVIEW HEMOGLOBIN SATURATION AND OXYGEN TRANSPORT HISTORY OF PULSE OXIMETRY PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING OF PULSE OXIMETRY Spectrophotometry Engineering Principles SOURCES OF ERROR Dyshemoglobins and Intravenous Dyes: Conventional Pulse…
Chapter Outline ANESTHESIA GAS DELIVERY SYSTEM Anesthesia Machine and Workstation Basic Anesthesia Machine Pneumatic Systems Oxygen Supply Sources: Pipelines and Cylinders Cylinder Pressure Regulator OXYGEN SUPPLY TO THE INTERMEDIATE-PRESSURE SYSTEM…
