Abstract Annually, millions of surgeries are carried out worldwide under general anesthesia. Patients undergoing elective or emergency procedures may have important comorbidities affecting significant functions such as cardiovascular, neurologic, and…
Abstract In this chapter, we present correlative clinical neuroanatomy for neuroanesthetists. This is written with the aim of helping doctors cope with the ever-evolving field of neuroanesthesia while armed with…
Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid is a fluid covering the brain and spinal cord. Initially thought to be present inside the skull with the purpose to reduce the buoyancy of the brain…
Abstract Embryology is a branch of science that is related to the formation, growth, and development of embryo. It deals with the prenatal stage of development beginning from formation of…
Abstract The blood–brain barrier (BBB) provides a complex network of cells and supporting structures that maintain separation of brain parenchyma and cellular material. This chapter discusses the mechanism and functionality…
Key Points ▪ The liver receives a dual afferent blood supply; the portal vein provides 75% and the hepatic artery 25% of hepatic inflow. With differences in oxygen content, each…
Key Points ▪ Survival of the neonate depends on pulmonary vascular resistance transitioning from a high to a low state. PVR is increased by hypoxemia acidosis, hypothermia, and stress; inability…
Key points ▪ Airway changes throughout pregnancy worsen during labor and delivery as a result of mucosal edema. ▪ Anesthetic agents are not teratogenic; however, inhalation anesthetics and many intravenous…
Key Points ▪ Patients with severe sepsis are at particular risk for hepatic and renal injuries. ▪ The major cardiovascular events in sepsis are vasoplegia, reduced stroke volume, and microcirculatory…
Key points ▪ Anesthetic management of endocrine surgical patients should consider not only the organ of interest but also the end-organ consequences of the endocrine dysfunction and possible rare syndromes….
