Gastrointestinal Principles
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Humans are in constant contact with xenobiotics. In addition to its critical role in absorbing nutrients, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract forms the initial functional barrier between…
Ophthalmic Principles
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Although it is arguable that the eyes are the mirror to the soul, it is certain that the eyes reveal a great deal of information with…
Cardiologic Principles II: Hemodynamics
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Adequate tissue perfusion depends on maintenance of volume status, vascular resistance, cardiac contractility, and cardiac rhythm. All of these components of the hemodynamic system are vulnerable…
Patient Violence
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The aggressive and/or violent patient presents unique challenges. Like suicidal patients, aggressive individuals are difficult to treat and they tend to elicit strong negative reactions in…
Withdrawal Principles
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen In the central nervous system (CNS), excitatory neurons fire regularly, and inhibitory neurons inhibit the transmission of these impulses. Whenever action is required, the inhibitory tone…
Psychiatric Principles
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Psychiatric symptoms are often the cause of, or the effect of many toxicologic-presentations. Suicide attempts and aggressive behaviors are commonly associated with toxicity and can be…
Neurologic Principles
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The central nervous system (CNS) coordinates responses to the fluctuating metabolic requirements of the body and modulates behavior, memory, and higher levels of thinking. These functions…
Case Study 4
CASE STUDY 4 Print Section Listen History A 32-year-old woman with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency department with a 2-day history of a painless, rapidly expanding…
Case Study 5
CASE STUDY 5 Print Section Listen History Parents called 911 because they found their 5-year-old girl at home unresponsive. Shortly before emergency medical services (EMS) arrived, the girl had a…
Biochemical and Metabolic Principles
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Xenobiotics are compounds that are foreign to a living system. Toxic xenobiotics interfere with critical metabolic processes, cause structural damage to cells, or alter cellular genetic…
