Abstract When the rapid detection of haemodynamic change is imperative, the ‘gold standard’ is direct arterial pressure monitoring. Other indications for invasive arterial pressure monitoring include severe underlying cardiovascular disease,…
Abstract TOE is now commonplace in the cardiac operating theatre and critical care setting. The practising cardiac anaesthetist must be fully trained and proficient at performing TOE, both as a…
Abstract It is not unusual for the cardiac anaesthetist to encounter adults with palliated, corrected or newly diagnosed congenital heart disease (CHD). It is essential, therefore, that the anaesthetist has…
Abstract In animals that maintain body temperature within a tight range (homeotherms), thermoregulation represents the balance between heat production (thermogenesis) and heat loss. Thermogenesis occurs as a result of metabolic…
Abstract Despite more than six decades of clinical experience and considerable research, the characteristics of ‘optimal’ CPB remain imprecisely defined. This chapter discusses the main areas of controversy (Box 26.1)….
Abstract ECMO can either provide total cardiopulmonary support (veno-arterial or VA-ECMO) or pulmonary support (veno-venous or VV-ECMO). The technique effectively enables the use of CPB in an ICU setting. In…
Abstract Since its introduction into clinical practice in the early 1950s, the indications for CPB have broadened, from operations on or within the heart, to include non-cardiac thoracic, abdominal and…
Abstract Failure of tissue oxygenation represents an emergency during CPB. The principal causes are gaseous embolism, inadequate oxygenation and inadequate CPB flow. Chapter 27 Cardiopulmonary Bypass Emergencies David J. Daly…
Abstract The institution of CPB has profound effects on the plasma concentration, distribution and elimination of drugs. The major factors responsible for this are haemodilution, altered plasma protein binding, altered…
Abstract Heart disease is a common congenital abnormality, affecting 5–9 per 1,000 newborns. Successful evolution of treatment strategies has led to a significant reduction in the number of deaths from…
