© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Basavana G. Goudra and Preet Mohinder Singh (eds.)Out of Operating Room Anesthesia10.1007/978-3-319-39150-2_7 7. Anesthesia for Upper GI Endoscopy Including Advanced Endoscopic Procedures Mary Elizabeth McAlevy1 and John M. Levenick1 (1) Department of Anesthesiology and…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Basavana G. Goudra and Preet Mohinder Singh (eds.)Out of Operating Room Anesthesia10.1007/978-3-319-39150-2_5 5. Fasting Guidelines: Do They Need to Be Different? Pascal Owusu-Agyemang1 and Radha Arunkumar1 (1) Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative…
Anatomical level of infection Cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis Grade of severity of infection Uncomplicated and complicated UTIs, urinary tract-driven sepsis, septic shock Underlying risk factors Prostatic hypertrophy, permanent catheterisation, incontinence,…
Fig. 9.1 Factors involved when staying upright Risk factors can therefore affect all the mechanisms that help us stay upright. Having taken a detailed and comprehensive history, one will now…
Fig. 18.1 Symptoms and signs of acute respiratory failure Age-related changes of the cardiorespiratory system should be taken into account in the assessment and management of dyspnoea. Figure 18.2 shows…
Chronic or acute kidney failure Heart failure—acute or chronic Hypertensive crisis Tachy- or bradyarrhythmias Lung arterial embolism, pulmonary hypertension Critical ill patients with respiratory insufficiency and septic condition Acute neurological…
Fig. 15.1 Algorithm for acute abdominal pain management in older patients (Adapted from [16]) A recent study showed that emergent gastrointestinal surgical procedures in older patients did not differ from…
Patient Underreporting, stoicism Concerns about the meaning of pain, of the diagnostic tests and hospitalisation Difficulties to use some assessment tools Multiple problems making treatment more difficult Polypharmacy—side effects of…
The altering of the body as a result of the ageing process also leads to unexpected observations. For instance, whereas in middle age high blood pressure is associated with an…
System Score 0 Score 1 Score 2 Score 3 Score 4 Respiration PaO2/FiO2 mmHg (kPa) ≥400 <400 <300 <200 with respiratory support <100 with respiratory support Coagulation platelets (× 103/μL)…
