Organ system Clinical manifestations Neurologic Cerebrovascular accident (stroke), idiopathic intracranial hypertension, dementia, depression Cardiovascular Coronary artery disease, chronic inflammation, obesity cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, hypertension, cor pulmonale, arrhythmias Respiratory Obstructive…
• Respiratory—airway patency, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation • Cardiovascular—heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram • Neuromuscular strength assessment • Pain assessment • Mental status assessment • Presence of nausea/vomiting • Temperature measurement • Urine output measurement • Examination of surgical…
Fig. 19.1 Incidence of allergic reactions to agents used in the perioperative period Pathophysiology Hypersensitivity is an excessive and undesirable reaction produced by a normal immune system. This reaction can…
• Cosmetic surgeries: breast reduction or augmentation, rhinoplasty, liposuction, blepharoplasties • Orthopedic surgeries such as arthroscopies, carpal tunnel release • Endoscopic procedures such as colonoscopies • Minor urological procedures • Mini-laparoscopic procedures • Dental procedures • Ophthalmic…
Prolong Shorten Antibiotics: aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin), tetracycline Carbamazepine Calcium channel blockers Methylxanthines Lithium Phenytoin (chronic exposure) Local anesthetics Ranitidine Magnesium Theophylline Quinidine Volatile inhalational anesthetics 3. Effect on coagulation…
Fig. 15.1 Mechanism of action of NSAIDs Clinical Uses In the perioperative period, NSAIDs are primarily used for their analgesic effect. They may be used alone for mild to moderate…
Fig. 12.1 Chemical structures of select opioid agonists and antagonist (naloxone) Pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetics includes the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. With respect to opioids, these processes characterize the…
Agent Blood–gas partition coefficient Desflurane 0.42 Nitrous oxide 0.47 Sevoflurane 0.65 Isoflurane 1.46 Halothane 2.5 Cardiac output: The uptake of the anesthetic gas into the blood is determined by the…
Fig. 11.1 Drug distribution in various tissues over time after an intravenous bolus dose This rapid metabolism of propofol minimizes any residual effects after wakening. This lack of “hangover” effect…
