Kink resistant Thick-walled nonflammable cuff reflects laser and transfers heatCuff difficult to deflate if puncturedMetal may reflect beam onto nontargeted tissue Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) InexpensiveNonreflectiveMaintains shape wellDouble cuff maintains seal…
2. Preoperative assessment Most patients are older and have a long history of tobacco and alcohol abuse. Associated medical problems may include COPD, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and alcohol withdrawal. a) History…
G. jet ventilation 1. Introduction Jet ventilation has been used extensively for laryngeal surgery. When the trachea is not intubated, a metal needle mounted in the operating laryngoscope or passed through…
F Intraocular procedures 1. Introduction Intraocular procedures may refer to vitrectomy, glaucoma drainage, corneal transplant, and open eye injury. These procedures involve entry into the vitreous humor. It is crucial to…
E Foreign body aspiration 1. Introduction Aspiration of foreign bodies is a common problem. There is a high morbidity and mortality, particularly in children, who aspirate foreign objects. Some common aspirants…
C Dental restoration 1. Introduction Dental restoration procedures are performed under general anesthesia for a multitude of reasons. These include rampant cavities, history of mental disability, and an uncooperative patient who…
B Dacryocystorhinostomy 1. Introduction Dacryocystorhinostomy is performed for patients who have chronic tearing or obstruction at the level of the nasolacrimal duct. This procedure restores drainage into the nose from the…
A Cleft palate and lip Cleft palate 1. Introduction Cleft palate repair is usually performed in stages, depending on the extent of the defect. For the more severe deformities, the initial…
L Transurethral resection of the prostate 1. Introduction Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in men older than 60 years of age….
