CefaclorModerately stableModerate32ndCefuroximeCephamandoleResistanceModerate43rdCefotaximeCeftriaxoneStablePotent: especially Gram-negatives53rdCefiximeCefpodoximeStablePotent: especially Gram-negatives63rdCeftazidimeCefsulodinStablePotent: especially Gram-negatives and Pseudomonas74thCefpiromeStableEnterobacteriaceae Cephalexin Cephalexin is active against most Gram-positive cocci, except fecal streptococci and MRSA. It is also moderately active against some…
Figure 41.2 Effect of drugs on the coagulation pathway Anticoagulants Anticoagulants are drugs that interfere with the process of fibrin plug formation, to reduce or prevent coagulation. This effect is…
Figure 39.1 Sites of action of drugs reducing gastric acidity H2 receptor antagonists Examples – cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine, ranitidine Histamine has two primary effects on the gastrointestinal tract, mediated by…
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 38 Endocrine pharmacology Tim Smith Fundamentals of Anaesthesia, 4th edition, ed. Ted Lin, Tim Smith and Colin Pinnock. Published by Cambridge University Press. © Cambridge…
Figure 37.1 Causes of changes in bronchial calibre Leukotrienes are involved in the development of bronchospasm. They are so named because of their presence in white blood cells (the leuko…
Figure 35.5 Catecholamine structures Adrenoceptor agonists Examples – adrenaline, clonidine, dobutamine, dopamine, dopexamine, isoprenaline, noradrenaline Note that β-adrenoceptor agonists are covered in more detail in Chapter 37. Clinical uses Adrenoceptor…
Figure 34.2 Causes of NV and sites of drug action The major classes of drug used to combat NV possess receptor antagonism at D2, M3, H1 and 5-HT3 receptors. The…
Figure 24.1 Fetal circulation The mixed IVC blood, with a saturation of 65%, enters the right atrium, but only one-third passes into the right ventricle. The majority is directed through…
FatCementAirMethylmethacrylate absorptionPressurisation of femoral cavityHeat from cement reaction within femoral cavity Anaesthesia for total knee arthroplasty is broadly similar but does not show the same picture of cement reaction unless…
Popliteal Sciatic Block FIGURE 20.1-1. (A) Needle insertion for the popliteal intertendinous approach. (B) Needle insertion for lateral approach to popliteal block. PART 1: INTERTENDINOUS APPROACH General Considerations The popliteal…
